ME ZAKA IYA SANI GAME DA TIME TRAVEL?

Asalin kimiyyar ta fara kasantuwa ne a kagaggun labarai wato sci-fi (science fiction) kamar yadda na fada satin da ya gabata cewa wasu daga cikin fikirori ko nazariyyoyin kimiyya suna fara kasantuwa ne a irin wannan halin da kuma tunani (imagination) wanda ya kasance makasudin ilimi, inji babban masanin kimiyya Albert Einstein.

Wato Time Travel a kimiyyance shine tafiya cikin lokaci, ko ko muce kamar rufa ido ne na lokaci (illusion of time), wanda ake tunanin zai iya faruwa a rayuwa ta zahiri. A takaice time travel tafiya ce izuwa sararin samaniya; watakila wasu duniyoyi, gungun taurari, ko kuwa dai kutsawa cikin samaniya domin binciken wasu abubuwa, don mayar da irin wannan tafiya ta zama cewa zamu iya tsallakawa zuwa wani zamani saboda banbancin wuri (space) wanda ya ta’allaka da lokaci (time). Gane wannan nazariyya cikin sauki shine komawa baya domin fahimtar nazariyyar Albert Einstein ta relativity a inda yake nuna cewa lokaci (time) da wuri (space) suna ta’allaka da juna da wurin da ya dace da kasantuwarsu. Misali lokacinmu na duniyar earth daban yake a duniyar Jupiter, ko Saturn. Haka lokaci a duniyar earth daban yake a gungun taurarinmu na Milky Way. Dukkanin wurare a fadin kaunu sunada mabanbantan lokaci ta yadda wani wuri yakan iya fin sauran wurare saurin tafiyar lokaci saboda ta’allaka da wurin kuma ta kan iya faruwa saboda kusufin maganadison wurin kamar yadda mukayi magana satin da ya gabata akan blackhole. Misali na biyu; yanzu ace zamuyi tafiya zuwa Milky Way galaxy a wannan shekarar ta 2020 sai (a wajenmu mu shafe shekaru 5), a nan duniyar kuwa gani za’ayi mun shafe shekaru 50. Faqat! Wannan shine time travel. Wato tsallake wani lokaci (kamar zamani guda) zuwa wani a halin tafiya (travel) saboda kasantuwar banbancin lokaci  a wurare mabanbanta. Kaga anan ko da ace tagwaye ne daya yayi tafiyar tsallaka lokaci to daga nan suka raba hanya ta bangaren daidaiton shekarunsu domin daya kan riga daya tsufa.

Masana kimiyya da dama sun jima suna bincike a kan wannan lamari kamar yadda Edward Teller yayi cikakaken bayani game da shi; shin abu ne mai yiwuwa ko ko a’a? A inda ya nuna cewa tafiya zuwa sararin samaniya fa domin tsallaka lokaci abu ne wanda zai iya yiwuwa kawai idan aka kirkiri spaceship din da zai iya gudu kamar gudun haske wato speed of light (time travel machine). Wannan shine abunda har yanzu ya gagari masana musamman masu bincike a bangaren kirkirar fasahohin masu gudu. Teller yace watakila hakan ya iya faruwa bayan ko da nan da shekaru 500 ne. Ya kara da cewa kalubale na biyu da mutane zasu iya fuskanta bai wuce abunda bamu sani ba game da duniyoyin da muke tunanin zamu iya zuwa (kamar gungun taurari) saboda mu iya fuskantar hatsarirruka kala-kala domin watakila bamu gama gano wasu boyayyun abubuwa masu cutarwa ba. Yace na uku akwai guzuri; ko namu ko na machine, da kuma kiyasce lokacin da zamuyi muna tafiya wanda idan haka ya yiwu zamu iya tafiya kamar gudun haske ne, to shima fa akwai daukar lokaci.

Abu na gaba shine wato time travel ya rabu kasha-kashi, wanda muka sani sune:

1. forward time travel – wanda mukayi bayani a sama wato tsallakawa gaba zuwa wani lokaci a cikin tafiya

2. backward time travel – wannan kuma shine tsallakawa zuwa wani lokaci a baya a cikin tafiya. Wato anan kamar ka ganka kai da kakanninka wadanda sukayi rayuwa shekaru 100 a baya kuma hira ko kuma kaga wasu abubuwan da sukeyi, da dai sauransu ba tare da an dawo musu da ransu sun dawo suna rayuwa a duniya ba, ko kuma muce zamu koma 1666 muka yadda great fire of London ta kaya da kuma yadda har zamu iya yin wani abu tare da su da dai makamantansu.

Shin haka zai yiwu ko kuwa dai tatsuniya ce? A ganinka wanne time travel ne zai yiwu; backward ko forward kuma menene hujjarka?

Mu hadu a kasha na gaba “Shin Time Travel Zai Yiwu?” domin samun wasu amsoshin da muka rasa da jin fahimtar magabata da manyan masana.

Wannan hasashe na kimiyya kan iya zama tatsuniya tsagwaronta a mahangar wasu, kan kuma iya zama hasashen kimiyya wanda zai iya faruwa a rayuwa ta zahiri kamar yadda mafiya yawan mutane a duniya suke tunani. Kamar yadda nace time travel yanada nakasu da kuma kalubalai da dama kamar;

i. kasancewarsa dole sai an samu spaceship da zai iya gudu kamar haske (time machine)

ii. tare da tarin kalubalai wadanda suka hada da wajen mafaka wato a ina ne mutum zaiyi tafiyar? Shin zuwa sararin samaniya? To wadanne irin kalubalai mutum zai iya fuskanta a can?

iii. idan backward time travel ne, anya abun bai saba da hankali ba ace za’a mayar da duniya baya ko kuma kai ka koma baya kayi rayuwa da kakanninka?

Wadannnan kalubalai a kalla an samu yadda za’a iya warware wasu daga ciki kamar na farko wanda shine har yanzu masana fasaha suke yakin bincike akai, wato kirkirar time machine. A yau duniyar ilimi ta gano cewa muddin munaso mu gano wasu muhimman abubuwa dangane da samuwar rayuwar da duniyar kanta tun daga tushe. An gano cewa a kimiyyance ilimin quantum mechanics zai iya bamu damar gano abubuwanda har yanzu bamu kai ga gano su ba. Wadannan abubuwa sun hada da particles din da suka samar da atom. Hasashe ya nuna cewa zamu iya gano har abubuwan da bama iya gani, ji, ko jin shaukinsu, misali abubuwanda basa rayuwa a zahiri.

Yadda zirin haske yake iya ratsa abu tare da taimakon wasu particles din zai iya bamu damar kirkirar time machine da zai kwatanta tafiya kamar haske, misali:

i. Albert Einstein a nazariyyarsa ta relativity yace matukar gudun abu (matter) yayi gudu (speed), to zai zama bashida nauyi sai dai karfi (energy), wannan shine fitaccen equation nashi  na “mass-energy equivalence” (e=mc2)

ii. idan ka kwatanta tafiyar haske (duk da asalin nau’insa shine yanada tsananin gudu) zaka fahimci cewa rashin nauyinsa na daya daga cikin dalilin da yasa yake da tsananin gudu

iii. ka dauka cewa ko da nan da shekaru 100 ne za’a iya kirkirar time machine da zai iya gudu ko da 1/3 na haske ne; kenan zai iya tafiyar === 898km/s, ta yadda haske zai iya zuwa wuri a kwana 1 shi kuma zai je a kwana 3.

Idan har wannan hasashe nawa ya iya yiwuwa to kenan forward time travel zai yiwuwa zuwa nan gaba, sai dai mu ce babu hakikanin lokacin da hakan zai iya faruwa.

Batun backward time travel kuma zai iya kasancewa tatsuniya ce da batada madogara kai tsaye a yanzu. Tabbas abu ne da yake da sabani da lafiyayyen hankali cewa zaka koma kana yin rayuwa da wadanda suka mutu a can baya a zahirance kuma a wannan duniyar. Ko da ace duniyar zata yi “backward rotation” to babu wani abunda yam utu da zai dawo duniya ko kai da kake rayuwa anan ka iya komawa lokacinsu. Lokaci yana tafiya ne sequentially a inda faruwar abu ya kasance concurrently, ba random process ba. Da ace hakane, da sai mu ce na gaba zai iya komawa baya, na baya da dawo gaba. Amma da yake tsarin lokaci yana tafiya ne a waterfall model kamar yadda muke cewa da SDLC ba zai yiwu faruwar wani abu ya juya ya koma baya ba.

Dan haka backward time travel ya saba da tsarin lokaci, a inda forward time travel kuma bai saba ba saboda banbancin lokaci da muke da su a mabanbantan wurare. Sai dai a tsarin kimiyya karyata hasashe kuskure ne. Ta kan iya faruwa ilimin da muke da shi yau, ba shi bane gobe, haka jibi… Kuma hatta Prof. Hawking a matsayinsa na cosmologist bashida tabbaci na yarda cewa backward time travel zai iya yiwuwa.

- Mohiddeen Ahmad.